The lungs and lymphatic system are most often affected, but. read more, sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder resulting in noncaseating granulomas in one or more organs and tissues etiology is unknown. The major types are Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma See table Comparison of Hodgkin. read more, lymphoma Overview of Lymphoma Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising in the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic systems. read more, infiltrative disorders (eg, amyloidosis Amyloidosis Amyloidosis is any of a group of disparate conditions characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrils composed of misaggregated proteins. read more ) and disorders associated with liver or biliary disease, including inflammatory bowel disease Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing and remitting condition characterized by chronic inflammation at various sites in the gastrointestinal. read more, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked enzymatic defect common in people with African ancestry that can result in hemolysis after acute illnesses or intake of oxidant. Hemoglobin molecules consist of polypeptide chains whose chemical structure is genetically. read more (eg, hemoglobinopathy Overview of Hemoglobinopathies Hemoglobinopathies are genetic disorders affecting the structure or production of the hemoglobin molecule. Hemolysis is defined as premature destruction and hence a shortened RBC life span. read more ) disorders that can cause hemolysis Overview of Hemolytic Anemia At the end of their normal life span (about 120 days), red blood cells (RBCs) are removed from the circulation. Cirrhosis is characterized by regenerative nodules surrounded by dense. read more, cirrhosis Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a late stage of hepatic fibrosis that has resulted in widespread distortion of normal hepatic architecture. Hepatitis may be acute or chronic (usually defined as lasting > 6 months). read more, hepatitis Causes of Hepatitis Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver characterized by diffuse or patchy necrosis. In developed countries, about 10% of adults and 20% of people > 65 years have gallstones. Past medical history should identify known causative disorders, such as hepatobiliary disease (eg, gallstones Cholelithiasis Cholelithiasis is the presence of one or more calculi (gallstones) in the gallbladder. read more ) and missed menses (pregnancy). However, 80% of patients also have inflammatory bowel disease. read more, primary sclerosing cholangitis Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is patchy inflammation, fibrosis, and strictures of the bile ducts that has no known cause. ![]() Manifestations can include systemic symptoms, liver disorders. read more, hemochromatosis Hereditary Hemochromatosis Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron (Fe) accumulation that results in tissue damage. A nonspecific viral prodrome is followed. read more or viral hepatitis Overview of Acute Viral Hepatitis Acute viral hepatitis is diffuse liver inflammation caused by specific hepatotropic viruses that have diverse modes of transmission and epidemiologies. Common causes include hepatitis B and C viruses, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcohol-related liver disease, and autoimmune liver. Review of systems should seek symptoms of possible causes, including weight loss and abdominal pain (cancer) joint pain and swelling ( autoimmune Overview of Chronic Hepatitis Chronic hepatitis is hepatitis that lasts > 6 months.
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